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Kicad-logoWe're talking about one of the most famous, useful and supported software for electronic design automation (EDA).

Other apps or packages are available to do same: Kicad is free (in sense of free software: code is publicly available), and usually at zero-cost, so that you can start with your projects, from simplest to more professional ones, without any other cost.
...continue reading "KiCAD. From Software to Hardware Part1"

The binary numeral system (base 2) number system, represents numeric values using two symbols, 0 and 1. {0,1}
The decimal numeral system (base 10) number system, represents numeric values using ten symbols  {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
The hexadecimal numeral system (base 16) number system, represents numeric values using sixteen symbols  {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F}

...continue reading "Binary Decimal and Hexadecimal numeral systems"

Let's start with a simple arduino project. A blinking led. The digital pins of an Arduino have a maximum load rating of 40mA, so we do not want to exceed that. The voltage of the digital output pins are 5V.

So arduino digital output pins have these limitations :
An Imax=40mA  and Vout=5V. The led needs up to 20mA maximum. So we can easily power it directly from arduino board.

From the Ohm's Law we have V=Iled*R => R = V/Iled = 5V/0.02A = 250 Ω. For security reasons we use a bigger resistor (330Ω) so that the Iled<Imax.

...continue reading "From an arduino project to a standalone one"